The New News Organization plays an important role here as an outlet for experienced, professional journalists to train local bloggers and citizen journalists how to cover their communities with more depth, detail and accuracy. That training would then help the NNO expand its daily coverage of education, local politics, crime, business, sports, entertainment and nightlife. (See our post from yesterday on the staffing breakdown for the NNO.)

Mike Reicher, a CUNY J-School grad student, wrote about his experience at The Local this summer recruiting experienced journalists to train budding community reporters and photographers.

Also, in our interviews with several not-for-profit news sites, we found experienced investigative journalists like Trent Seibert of Texas Watchdog training everyday people around the country how to properly cover their communities. Doing so has allowed Trent and his colleagues to raise more money for their investigative news site, which will play a vital role in the future of journalism.

And as local coverage grows, there will also be opportunities for professional training in citizen sales. In the larger framework, business-to-business services like a white label email and online marketing training service — or even in-person training sessions — could provide viable revenue opportunities for a new news organization. Those services also represents the kind of broader community outreach people like Steve Buttry have been calling for in various places and in response to some of our models. As a result, citizen sales training could help independent local bloggers grow their ad revenues without the need to hire a full-time sales person.

What do you get when seasoned professional journalists train novice teenage bloggers in the tools of the trade? We’ve started to answer that question this summer at The Local, The New York Times’ collaborative blog covering neighborhoods in Brooklyn and New Jersey.

Ready...Set...Blog! student Kaseim Watts (Photo by Tamara Best)

Since launching in March, one of our goals at The Local has been to publish work by contributors from many perspectives in the community. But since the infants of ex-Manhattan moms are still a little too young to blog, The Local sent out word to high school teachers, community leaders, and youth groups that we wanted to recruit neighborhood teenagers interested in journalism.

We didn’t just want to give them a video camera, though, and say shoot. So, the students went through a three-day intensive workshop, called Ready…Set…Blog! Fellow CUNY Graduate School of Journalism student and Local intern Lois DeSocio and I developed the curriculum and led the workshops.

On day one, students learned the basics – how to write a news story, how to conduct an interview, how to sniff out news and a primer on journalistic ethics. The next two days they learned media tools – how to shoot photos and video – and they hit the streets.

Samples of the students’ work, which we’ve already posted on The Local, are available here, here and here. And then there’s this video of a local musician.

In total, we trained 16 students – eight in Brooklyn and eight in New Jersey. For the most part, though, we weren’t doing the teaching. Lois and I recruited volunteer professional journalists and journalism educators who wanted to train teens how to effectively cover their own communities.

Ready...Set...Blog! students taking diligent notes. (Photo by Mike Reicher)

In Brooklyn, Indrani Sen from the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism, who also teaches high school journalism in The Bronx, led the discussion on news values and the elements of a news story. Two local reporters, Jennifer Maloney from Newsday and Sophia Hollander, a freelancer who contributes to The New York Times, taught interviewing and ethics.

Sandra Roa, a grad student at the CUNY J-School who interns at NYTimes.com guided the students through the basics of photojournalism, and I led the video seminar.

The next phase of the program is to pair students with reporters from The Local and from The New York Times, so they can work together to produce at least one story this summer. We’re anticipating a range of topics, from youth summer employment to teen violence.

Just last week a group of teenagers allegedly beat a college student into a coma. As many stories tend to do in this neighborhood, it has evolved into a discussion of race and class. This is the type of divisive local issue we’d love to have covered both professionally and from a teen’s perspective.

Every journalist deserves to get paid for bringing new information to the public. Especially those who face direct opposition from foreign military regimes.

This morning I heard an NPR piece titled ‘Bureau Tehran,’ Live From Massachusetts. The subject of the story was Iranian journalist Kelly Golnoush Niknejad, who runs her news site Tehran Bureau from her family’s living room in Newton, a small suburb of Boston.

The story opens a new window to an area of journalism that’s quickly growing: International reporting on a do-it-yourself level. For most of her updates on what’s occuring in Iran, Niknehjad uses two laptops and often relies on emails from “contributors of Iranian descent, both in and out of the country.” As of now, those contributors provide her with information for free, and typically avoid taking bylines.

According to the NPR piece, Niknehjad started Tehran Bureau seven months ago and within the past few days her audience has grown from about 9,000 to 19,000.

Information “was coming at me like bullets,” Niknejad says in the interview. “I didn’t have time to sculpt it all into stories, so I just started posting it as fast as I could. The information was raw, so instead of going in and taking the blood out of it, I’ll just copy and paste to put out information.”

When I heard that I immediately thought of how blogging and twitter have become vital outlets for free speech in a country confined by religious despotism, political injustice and information censorship.

And then I heard the interviewer, Tovia Smith, say that when Niknejad migrated to the U.S. at 17 she had no intention of becoming a journalist, and instead coincidentally fell into a legal reporting gig after finishing law school. Smith explains that Niknejad had never intended to pursue the path of a reporter in school, but now, with the current lack of substantial Iranian news reaching the public, “she says reporting is her calling.”

That made me wonder how Kelly Niknejad values — in terms of revenue, and perhaps even profit — what she does for her country’s people and the broader global community. I went to her website and found a donations page that highlights the importance of her reader’s support to sustain ongoing coverage, since Tehran Bureau does not “accept funding from any government, religious or special interest group.”

So, I contacted Niknejad about her recent interview and asked her if she would be able to talk about the dollar/rial value she places on her and her colleagues’ coverage, especially while Iran remains conflicted and without a free press.

“When we covered the Iranian election, we were working on a $0 budget,” she says. “Ideally we would have liked to have had correspondents in other provinces outside of Tehran, so we could have captured the atmosphere throughout all of Iran. But we didn’t have enough funding for that.”

“Right now we have about 20,000 people following our coverage on twitter alone,” she adds. “If every one of those readers donated $5, we would have enough money for a full year’s budget.

“Of course there are many people who have been incredibly generous beyond donations of $5, but in terms of covering our costs, it hasn’t been enough for us to expand. We have a dedicated core of people who are working for free outside of their own jobs, so it’s been incredible so far. But if we had the funds to pay them and they were able to make a living from this, our correspondents would be able to comit that much more time and energy to reporting.”

If “the value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of endpoints,” then one task as digital journalists is to scale our networks — be they organically-grown, hyperlocal blogs or corporate-driven, international communities — as quickly and effectively as possible.

In a broadly-ranging, nearly consensus-free conversation, the “Networks” break-our group explored one case study, factors necessary to support network growth, and inherent challenges.
Tom Evslin provided two key points for our discussion of Debby Galant’s Baristanet, a blog covering news specific to Montclaire, NJ.

• The best Editorial networks grow organically from the bottom up.  Individual entities tend towards expertise and passion, but lack platform or ad sale expertise.
• The best Tool networks tend to form top down with standardized platform tools and metrics, plus centralized ad ops.

It stands to reason, then, that a top down initiative like Microsoft’s Sidewalk — possessing platform, metrics, and ad ops standardization lacking editorial expertise, flexibility and voice (see “The Cracks In Microsoft’s Sidewalk“) – might fail.

Likewise, though Debby’s Baristanet is a local success, her network value is less than it could be.  Moreover, she is forced to spend resources on platform and ad ops, instead of pure content creation.
Baristanet, then, would benefit from a broader, hyper-local site-supporting platform.

Outside.in’s Mark Josephson and NowPublic’s Merrill Brown contributed valuable insight from a platform perspective on incentivizing network engagement:

• Egos: We’ll make you a star!
• Revenue: My ads on your page.
• Reward/Reputation

In the waning minutes of our conversation, Harvard’s Thomas Eisenmann connected the conversation to a key question as news organizations continue to decline: If a city’s primary paper disappeared, would hyper-local coverage replace the centralized, enterprise-journalism oriented newsroom?
In the end, Thomas’s question lingered alongside a number of others:

• What are the best examples of journalism networks?
• Are journalism networks fundamentally niche?
• Can niche networks serve investigative journalism?
• How does a historically corporate, top-down infrastructure grow a network?

“When editors are going to assign a story we typically think about different elements that go into it; who is the writer, who is the photographer, do we want a video or a podcast or any kind of poll? Now we ask an additional question: what is the community aspect?”

I met Ed Sussman briefly at the Networked Journalism Summit where we talked about Drupal, a subject I’m fond of. I didn’t know it at the time, but Ed, along with Lullabot, was working on a massive relaunch of FastCompany.com using the open source content management system Drupal.

If you haven’t checked out the site – you should. It is one of the most sophisticated implementations of Drupal I’ve seen. The NY Observer, for example uses Drupal in a very sleek manner – and while the site looks great, the social networking capabilities aren’t there. Fast Company, however, is trying to leverage the networking aspects of Drupal in every way possible – from user-generated content blogs, to bookmarking, crowdsourcing questions and letting people make business contacts. They’ve spread their arms out pretty wide in the hopes that they caught something interesting for everyone. I think they are about 3-5 years ahead of their time in terms of internet publishing with a major magazine.

I caught up with Ed briefly to talk about the new site and what lessons there might be for beat bloggers. I think Fast Company is moving more and more in the direction of beat blogging – and their website is about 3-5 years ahead of their time in this respect. If you have any doubt about their intentions – just consider their recent contract with Robert Scoble, one of the original great bloggers period, who today literally broadcasts moments of his live in streaming video via Qik, Twitter, Facebook and whatever means he can, to connect and chat with viewers in real time.

So, without further adieu – here’s the interview.

This site is more than just “beat blogging” – it’s creating a network for your site. You have dived head first into the deep end. Why?

One of our editors at Fast Company print magazine used Facebook to network and track down a source and even used it to conduct part of the interview. It was a little gimmicky but he just wanted to see what it would be like to do it through Facebook.

What we are doing now is not a gimmick. It’s more profound. It will allow people to ask journalists questions and they can answer directly back on a daily basis

Fast company is a business magazine which focuses heavily on innovation. I think not only do we have more license to be experimental on our site, there is an expectation that we will be on the cutting edge. That’s been the case since the site launched in 1995.

We start with that – that there is an expectation that we will be innovative. Also, we are preaching to our readers that they should be innovative. We are not a ‘just the facts’ type of publication, we have a point of view. It’s not political, it is in favor of innovation and people taking risks in business, so it just follows that we should do the same.

I think this is where media companies that have websites will all get to pretty soon anyway, in the next 3-4 years. I think we are a little ahead of the curve – the idea of heavily involving your community, if you truly are a website that attracts a readership of a common interest — then you have a community and you should listen to them. Letters to the editor are not enough, that’s very old fashioned.

What’s the history of this?

We’ve had community on our website for a long time. This isn’t going from 0-60 for us. It’s more like 35-60. We had a bolt-on community since 1997.

I refer to it as a bolt on community because it was a fully functional social network but it was not integrated with the rest of the website. It was a place where the rest of our audience could meet, greet and see each other and make friends.

That took us to 100,000 members and they were pretty passionate and they still are. They had 200 groups around the world that would meet every other month or so. They came together because they liked to talk about business, they used the web of friends to learn about each other and make friends. It is like an early version of meetup.com but limited to business and discussion about technology and innovation.

But we didn’t know who they were and we weren’t capturing what they were saying and doing at their meetings either. Here are all these people that are meeting because they love Fast Company and there was no way for us to capture that. We had somebody on the road who would go from meeting to meeting, but that doesn’t scale very well. There are only so many cities you can absorb with one person taking notes. It’s not a bad thing to actually meet people in the real world but we wanted to hear what they had to say and capture the content they had on the website too. So we are first and foremost giving the community a lot of tools.

We also were thinking; there are a million people on average that come through the site, that’s from our internal logs, so there are at least 900,000 who don’t participate in our community aspects at all, because it might be too much for them to join a local group. But those people might still have something interesting to say that we are interested in hearing – so we wanted to recognize that they are part of the community and find a way to include them in an easy way.

Turning the light on for the invisible community that is already there. Excellent. But tell me, how does this change the journalism? What’s the relationship between journalism and reader or source.

We started thinking about journalism as we were building it.

We made a commitment in 2003 in Fast Company that we were going to have the voices of outside experts in significant numbers, so we created FC experts to blog and we got about 60 of them now.

But there are lots of people who want to contribute and had something to say. We didn’t have the capacity to treat everyone as op-ed contributors. Right now, with only four days since we launched, there are 353 blogs from readers. I spend a lot of time reading through these and a lot of them are great, we are pleased to include them.

We had something like 12,000 people sign up in our first few days in addition to the people that were already members. The level of participation is pretty high, but I think the larger number of people don’t want to make a commitment to do a blog. But we have lots of people who are microblogging. They are answering questions and participating in the discussion that way – the “fast talk” microblogging is becoming really popular

[Fast talk is an aspect of the site where questions are posed such as:
Q: Can a business publication blend journalism and online community to create something better than either by itself?". All answers are accumulated in your profile.]

I call it a microblog because it’s not just an answer to a question, you can click on their profile and anything they answer whether it’s a question or a comment or a blog post. If all they do is answer a couple ‘fast talk’ questions a month, in essence, they are blogging in a guided way, answering questions which our journalists are posing to the community. In fact, you can subscribe to their feed externally or internally, so you can follow all the content on our site. There are people already who are answering every single question and they seem to like that a lot more than blogging. I also like the fact that our editors are in there mixing it up with them.

So we intend to do a whole bunch of projects that are based on what our users are contributing to the dialog, a dialog that we are provoking. It can be as simple as testing the waters with these questions and it can be more subtle, such as sourcing via our own membership, looking for people who have interesting ideas and expertise – using our membership because we are drawing on a community that thinks innovation and business is important and I’m pretty impressed with the level of expertise of those who are participating.

It’s all very visible too. We are very transparent to the outside world. Everyone can now tell who our readers are in great detail. This is something that media companies might have to grapple with. For the advertisers and readers its a very open approach as to who is on the site, which is pretty different. I know social networks do it, but media sites don’t. But it can be a pretty amazing resource for our journalists to source our own readers.

What were we going to do before? Put a link on our home page “do you want to participate in a story about next generation automobiles?” That was the extent of what we could do before. But now, if we want we can search for people who have good credentials in a field, put up questions about the topics we are writing about and follow through with them directly on the site. We are just beginning to think about larger scale projects that we can coordinate with the magazine as the membership gets bigger and more robust.

So what were any issues along the way?

We had to think through some issues. First, we identified the eight main topics that we cover. Everybody that sets up a profile has to let us know which of the eight topics their content fits into and then do some free form tags. If a member doesn’t choose one of those eight topics, then their content and their profile isn’t going to bubble into the directories for each topic. There is no chance. You could submit something way off topic, but you’d have to actively be disingenuous to tag it as something to be in technology or design. And we have a team of people who are filtering for bad content and will send gentle reminders ‘please don’t tag that it’s about something when it is not.’ The organizational framework allows us to align our professional content and our member content in a way that makes sense to the readers and keeps things still ‘Fast Company’ in terms of what people are writing about. And then we select the best to highlight on the home page.

The fear is that readers will create content that is inappropriate or unrelated to the brand – we are pretty pleased so far. It’s really self-tagging and the members are regulating it themselves.

How does the journalist’s job description change?

For some it doesn’t change at all, for others it changes a lot. There are some people who are long-form feature writers, who will remain long form feature writers. They are not going to be moderating groups, but they will probably answer a lot of questions and messages about the stories they write and engage in more personal conversations. Some of our journalists, like Charles Fishman, write six or seven features a year and turn out a book every year and a half. Thats still what he is going to do – but he will engage with our audience in a much more direct way.

Other people have totally new jobs: The senior editor at the website became senior editor / community director. She is in there answering as many questions as she can that need to be answered. She is working full time with the community, so it really runs the spectrum – some people participate with the community full time – and others who are doing long form.

When editors are going to assign a story we typically think about different elements that go into it; who is the writer, who is the photographer, do we want a video or a podcast or any kind of poll? Now we ask an additional question: what is the community aspect? Are we going to form a group? Are we going to ask a question of the audience? Are we going to have the journalists within the groups doing live discussions (which hasn’t launched yet, but will). It’s something that has to be considered in every major package now — how is the community going to participate? It could be an all out group – Green should be a big initiative so we should hire green bloggers in the group ahead of time and monitor the group to see what companies they suggest? Community is just one of those parts that editors have to consider along with thinking about the photography for a big package.

It makes it less of a one shot deal, but a continuing work and discussion that is going to have a life for months or years because of the community.

What advice do you have for beat bloggers?

I have very specific advice – they should set up groups right on FastCompany.com, announce what they are doing and tap into our membership so they don’t have to build this platform themselves. They should try us the same way they are trying Twitter or Facebook. They can blog in the group for all members to see and they should keep opening up discussion topics and move around the site and invite members who they think might be appropriate for their stories — and try to invite them into their group. The platform is there and it’s free. It carries our branding on it, but so what, if you are using it to gather information.

So what’s the bigger idea?

The platform is in pretty good shape and we’ve started discussions with four different media organizations about using our platform to power community on their sites. You wouldn’t be able to tell it was FastCompany, the only condition is that people search and the group search has to link everybody together and the signup has to be the same across all websites. We could make something significant like Facebook and LinkedIn – those don’t have to be the only networks people participate in.

Sewer project that had something fishy going on. Turned it over to readers to explore, investigate and report. Turned over all their documents to the public for them to try and solve as much as they can.

“Pocketbook issues” hit readers exactly there, in their pocketbooks. So when talking about network journalism, people have a real incentive to go in and dig through documents. But is it possible with non pocketbook issues?

KM – invite users to submit material everyday. Community has a role in all that they do and have heavy participation all across the website. It’s not confined to individual instances.

JC – lots of social issues (little league) that people are equally passionate about. Get a sense of community that has gone under the radar for way too long. Have to make it easy for people to feel like engaged experts.

Robert Cox – Media Bloggers Association — had you looked at using amazon mechanical terc to give readers an algorithm or prep them or give them a way to organize their work to be as efficient as possible?

Users were given instruction and gently steered, but no sophisticated assistance.

Audience comment: Best crowd sourcing on a national level is in the political arena. Bloggers wanting to make members of the other party look bad etc. Partisan issues. Stories that might make someone from another party look bad.

Open sense of what the dialogue needs to be.

Worth noting that dialogue is great, but it can become hateful. Gannett watches that closely, removes that kind of content etc. Happens everywhere, not just race related stories, can be as innocuous as high school sports.

MW: Medium is the message, but how do you deal with trolls.

The public builds how a story developed in way the paper couldn’t have imagined or controlled. Have to recognize that and turn it over to the public. Don’t have the tools yet to give it the structure it might need.

About.com audience member – Have you thought about allowing other users to monitor user comments? Letting people rate other users as to who is a trusted person or other users have flagged as abusive?

Answer: Yes. We’re exploring developing those tools. Anyone else?

Have filters and people who moderate the blogs and the forums, but could be much more aggressively reported upon.

Alot of science is just data gathering. A lot of journalism is just data gathering as well. Have the masses to do a lot of that work and in turn open the field up to writing all sorts of new stories.

Who are we reaching out to as part of the blogosphere?

Have these new tools and processes just extended coverage or shifted it?

Answer: Have sources never explored before. Journalism is better through community help. Still looks like traditional journalism. Always looking for ideas.

Adrian Monck of City University of London’s journalism education program. He has launched a collaboration with Sky News developing a group of citizen correspondents and a resource that allows the public to track their FOI requests.

Martin Huber of MyHeimat.de which combines printed magazines with an online platform for hyperlocal communities and a network of 5,000 contributors/citizen reporters.

Robin Hamman curates BBC’s blog network. He also blogs at Cybersoc.com. “I guess you could say that I’m the back-office blogger-in-chief.”

10:36 – McIntosh: asks Hamman to describe difference between the UK and US online communities.

10:38 – McIntosh asks about MyHeimat’s emphasis on the free sheet.

Huber: When a media company has to deliver in the hyperlocal community is not so much content as a service, to share information. We learn from our community, we always have to learn what the community wants and we have to implement that very quickly.

10:43 – Monck: discussing partnership with SkyNews which attracted applicants from around the world. There’s another model that interests me, networked reporting:
There are interagency stories. Stories that cross borders like terroristm You need to be able to report things like this in a much savvier way. Creating networks is an important role for journalism.
We kind of need to move with the times on that.

Speaking of international, complex stories like rendition, he asks:

“How do we keep the public interested in things like that?”

10:45 Hamman: on user-generated content. “Give people the call to action, but ask people to put it online themselves and put it in a pool. I think it’s a much more honest approach than, send it to us and we only use one half percent of it.”

10:47 Travis Henry from YourHub.com asks Huber about services that make community a better place and how that works at MyHeimat.com.
Huber: we see it as a media application. You can scale this solution, if it is specific for local communities.
“It’s not only the people trained in networked journalism, but it is also the piece of software that is exactly the need of what’s out there.”
We see it as part of the user interface. The barrier to entry for some users is lower with the print free sheets.

10:51 – A question from the audience on the onerous work of maintaining and encouraging community participation.
Monck starts off by talking about disaggregating, but also says he’s of two minds
“I don’t know from enthusiasts and cheerleading to the world-weary cynics.”

McIntosh then asks Hamman about the idea of produce less, gather more. “Is that a message that people are starting to get?”

Hamman: “It’s vastly expensive to run an online community if that isn’t your core business. The ‘send us your stuff’ model is also vastly expensive.”
He says that news organizations need to do more cheerleading to show people how to post there stuff, then go find the best of it, then what to do with it once it is there.

10:59 – Chris Anderson of Columbia asks: British media landscape is very different from American media. Does that have an impact on what bloggers do?

Monck – UK media is incredibly centralized. He points to the BBC and says: on one hand it is fantastic, but on the other hand its sort of like a nanny. “Why blog when everything is provided for you?”

You can’t deny that BBC does wonderful things, but on the other hand it kind of disempowers people and says this is only for big guys.

Hamman (of the BBC) responds by talking to the BBC blogs trial and changes to the BBC homepage.
We are starting to turn things around a bit.

Hamman then talks about DailyKos and HuffingtonPost visitorship going upwards of 500,000 unique visitors a day.
“I think, my god, our whole blog network gets that much.”
The audiences for blogs in the US are huge and that’s a big difference between US and UK.

What are your goals?

Environmental stories offer many untapped opportunities for collaborative or crowdsourced journalism. I’m especially interested in starting or contributing to projects that provide opportunities to use more forms of media (blogging/microlocal journalism, podcasting, photojournalism, and collaborative mapping).

What are some of your notable achievements?

At Worldchanging, I was part of what was perhaps our finest hour to date: contributors from all over the glob collaborating to cover the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Contributors in India were able to make first person reports based on what they were hearing and seeing, as well as what was coming in on their own collaborative digital networks — demonstrating how important those networks were on the scene. Those of us in other parts of the world pulled together “bigger picture” type coverage on transforming disaster relief, technology to create an early warning network, etc. I wrote about the boundary of environment and economy, connecting the condition of coastal mangroves to the degree of destruction inland. (Where the mangroves were healthiest and intact, they usually absorbed a lot of the wave’s energy; where they were degraded by ag runoff from inland, or simply destroyed to make way for farming shrimp for the export market, there was weaker or no buffering and destruction was worse).

Thus far, the single most famous article I’ve personallly written is “Naughty by Nature: Ever Thought About the Toxins in Your Sex Toys?” for Grist Magazine. It’s a funny and fun piece, but beyond that it’s notable because I successfully took unusual approach to reporting on an environmental health issue (phthlate exposure), such that people would read and enjoy the information, rather than being overwhelmed by it.

Lesson you’ve learned (including mistakes you’ve made)

It is usually impossible to “convince” anyone that this stuff is valuable. The knowledge about the medium and what it can do has to be in place in order to get the support and resources one needs to get it going, never mind pull it off — and if it’s not there, you probably ought invest time in educating the relevant stakeholders before you get too far into it. I’ve made the mistake of entering enthusiastically into a project without ascertaining that there was enough internal support. In these scenarios, success is elusive; existing biases against the medium are affirmed; and one does not come away having accomplished much. I have learned that I have to be more thoughtful and tactical both in taking a measure of the local climate, and judging whether to accept a project. (This can be challenging when you’re a freelancer — since gigs, not tactics, pay the bills!)

Are you getting revenue for this? How?

I earn my living primarily via journalism, including networked journalism, as well as content strategy towards using networks most effectively. If you know any freelancers, you know that’s pretty amazing! As I work on the editorial side of this or that outlet, I don’t get into the revenue side much — but I suspect the revenue being generated varies pretty widely; in the nonprofits, there’s a lot of dependence on grants, donations, and “angels.”

What’s next? What do you need to get to the next level?

I need to work with outlets and projects that are committed — with “moral” support, funding, enthusiasm and openness to creativity — to exploring online/networked journalism and pushing the envelope of what it can accomplish. Potentially I need to found such an outlet myself.

Anyone you’d like to talk with, learn from, or work with at the summit

Jonathan Landman of The New York Times

Jim Colgan and Bob Garfield of WNYC

Colin Maclay of the Berkman Center